The development of callous-unemotional traits

Robertson et al. (2023) published “The Bidirectional Effects of Antisocial Behavior, Anxiety, and Trauma Exposure: Implications for our understanding of the development of callous–unemotional traits” in Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science. I want to begin by differentiating primary from secondary variants of callous-unemotional traits; while people with primary variants have callous-unemotional traits and low anxiety, those with secondary variants tend to have callous-unemotional traits, high anxiety, and histories of trauma. Here’s the edited abstract and impact statement with some information in bold: