I have indicated before that I like research on attachment. This is an important paper. Cao, Zhou & Leerkes (2023) published “Primiparous Mothers’ Parenting Self-Efficacy in Managing Toddler Distress: Childhood nonsupportive emotion socialization, adult attachment style, and toddler temperament as antecedents” in Emotion.

I am going to present four longitudinal studies of attachment with research addressing parental experience before becoming parents, attachment history and friendships, parent-adolescent relationships and successful peer and romantic relationships, and insecure attachment and personality pathology. Each study is nuanced and complex but well worth examining.

Fleck, et al. (2022) published “Child Versus Adolescent Borderline Personality Disorder Traits: Frequency, psychosocial correlates, and observed mother–child interactions” in Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment. This study is helpful in examining child behavior. Here’s the abstract: